Sunday 3 January 2021

Predictions For 2021 - Prediction 1 – Countries Develop Herd Immunity Before Vaccines Become Widely Available.

Prediction 1 – Countries Develop Herd Immunity Before Vaccines Become Widely Available. 


Proponents of lockdown have attempted a salami slicing operation, in getting people to accept their failed strategy. They first implemented a complete lockdown of social activity, for several months. It failed to deal with the virus, and only acted to slow the development of herd immunity, and has now resulted in the development of a new more contagious strain of the virus, whilst, even this lockdown of social activity, was enough to crucify the economy. They knew they would have difficulty imposing a further total lockdown over a prolonged period, which would only draw attention to the miserable failure of the first, and that it would have even more serious economic consequences than the first. So, they put forward the idea of “circuit breaker” lockdowns, or else regional lockdowns that were intended to win acceptance on the basis of them being limited and temporary. The idea is basically to keep fobbing people off with promises of jam tomorrow, of just one last heave, to defeat the virus, whilst they pin all their hopes on the arrival of a vaccine. The promotion of the idea that test and trace could fill the vacuum until the arrival of a vaccine has been just another part of that façade. 

The alternative to lockdowns was never just doing nothing, and letting the virus rip. The alternative was always that it was possible, and sensible, to focus attention on the protection of the elderly and vulnerable, during which time herd immunity was allowed to develop safely amongst the rest of the population. Of course, this latter strategy is not attractive to the medical-industrial complex, because it means that it can be achieved without spending vast amounts on expensive medical systems, computer technology, or drugs and so on. The extent to which the medical-industrial complex has had a field day with COVID19, is indicated by the £12 billion pumped directly into the pockets of companies and consultants to develop the test and trace system in Britain that has been an almost complete failure. Millions more has been channelled into the search for vaccines, which will turn into billions of profit for the drug companies when a vaccine is eventually released. It saw millions spent to develop the Nightingale hospitals that were a huge white elephant, at the same time as helping the NHS bureaucracy expand its own empires. Boots has jumped on the bandwagon offering COVID tests at a price of £120 a pop. This is big business, and the idea that a virtually cost free alternative was available is anathema to the interests of the medical-industrial complex. 

Yet, a virtually cost free, and more effective alternative was available in the form of focused protection of the elderly and vulnerable. That fact is illustrated by the example of Sweden, which did not impose lockdowns, and yet brought the virus under control by July, with new deaths from it, being reduced almost to zero. But, Sweden illustrates something else. The fact that it has seen relatively few new deaths since July suggests that it must have achieved something approaching herd immunity, at least in its main population centres. That, together with the kinds of sensible measures on wearing face masks, social distancing and so on, has meant that the virus did not spread to the vulnerable sections of the population, and is dying out. Yet, according to the official data, Sweden also should not have a level of immunity required to produce such results. The fact that it has suggests that the measurement of levels of immunity, and the models of what is required to produce herd immunity are wrong. 

We know that 80% of people infected by the virus are asymptomatic, and that perhaps a further 10%, may have symptoms not sufficient to lead them to seek medical attention, and so the number of people recorded as having been infected is around a tenth of the actual levels of infections. There have been some studies to try to determine the level of immunity, and these suggested that only around 10% of people currently have immunity, whereas a figure of around 60% is thought necessary for herd immunity. A similar figure is indicated for Sweden. But, the fact that Sweden has essentially eradicated new deaths, suggests that something is wrong with these estimates. Given that Sweden did not impose lockdowns, its likely that, even with the other measures it has adopted, the level of infection would have been such as to have infected much more than 10% of its population. In recent weeks, Sweden has also seen an increase in infections, and deaths, as a second wave swept Europe, yet it remains at a much lower level in Sweden than elsewhere. 

Similarly, in Britain, during the Summer, large numbers of people continued to meet in large gatherings, and to interact in a way that is likely to have led to millions of them being infected, most of them not knowing it, because of being asymptomatic. Every time, any lockdowns are relaxed, these interactions increase further. The spike in Britain in October, was due to the relaxation of lockdowns, which led elderly people to go out to pubs and restaurants and town centres, where they contracted the virus, again some of them dying as a result, which led to an increase in testing of them and those they had contact with, which led to the rise in the recorded number of infections. 

The level of infections in most countries must now be widespread, and the number of people actually with immunity must be much greater than official estimates suggest. Each time lockdowns are relaxed, or each time people begin to ignore the lockdowns as they drag on longer than was promised, the amount of infection will increase, and along with it, the level of immunity generated. Most of it will not be recorded because of the extensive level of asymptomatic transmission. Even though lockdowns have slowed the development of herd immunity, they have not stopped it. 

Even with all of the shortcuts that have been introduced to allow vaccines to be developed without the normal levels of testing to ensure safety, it is likely to be another 6 months before a vaccine is generally available. The current level of vaccination is measured in tens of thousands, whereas tens of millions, in Britain alone, need to be vaccinated. With the current existing levels of infection, and rates of spread, especially with the dominance of the new more virulent strain, its likely that most countries will have developed an adequate level of herd immunity before those vaccines are given to wider populations. In Britain, currently, despite the lockdown that has been in place for weeks, reported infections have risen to around 40,000-50,000 per day, meaning the actual figure for infections is around 200,000 – 500,000 per day. Just on that basis alone the virus is creating a far higher level of herd immunity amongst the population than is the process of vaccination.

7 comments:

Bolsh3 said...

"That fact is illustrated by the example of Sweden, which did not impose lockdowns, and yet brought the virus under control by July, with new deaths from it, being reduced almost to zero."

The number of deaths is relatively low sure, but isn't the relevant metric the death rate or the deaths per 100,000 (death rate x 100,0000)? In which case it looks like Sweden is performing much worse countries like Germany or the other scandinavian countries.

Forgive me if I am missing something obvious here, but I am not sure you can straightforwardly compare numbers of deaths between countries of radically different population sizes without normalising the data in some way?

Boffy said...

I've covered this in previous posts. Compare Sweden to Britain, which has imposed lockdowns since March of one form or another, and the per capital mortality rate in Sweden is half that in Britain In fact, the per capita mortality rate in the US which is generally thought to have had weak lockdowns compared to Britain, is also lower than in Britain. All of the analysis shows no correlation between lockdowns and per capita mortality rates. Also Germany, did not impose lockdowns, initially, but engaged in extensive test and trace.

But, also, as I've set out previously, the per capita mortality rate in Sweden is only unfavourable compared to Germany and other Scandinavian countries, if you take the rate from the start of the pandemic. Take the rate from July, when Sweden appears to have addressed the question of deaths in hospitals and care homes, which is where the vast majority of deaths have been everywhere, and its per capita mortality rate is also one of the lowest. Moreover, because it has built up a greater degree of herd immunity, safely, amongst its population, it is facing a smaller problem of future spread and deaths, whereas Germany, Britain, South Korea and other countries that slowed the creation of herd immunity still have all their populations at risk, especially from a new more virulent strain of the virus. The per capita mortality rate in all these countries is then likely to rise far more than in Sweden.

George Carty said...

If you wanted to determine the efficacy of lockdowns and other restrictions, wouldn't you compare countries with their data normalized such that the date of peak deaths (in spring 2020) was zero on the X-axis, while daily deaths were plotted as a fraction of the peak?

The absolute numbers of cases would more likely be determined by things like travel bans, border quarantines, general interconnectedness with other countries and climate: I suspect that the reason why Australia and New Zealand were able to eradicate (more specifically, why they began their initial lockdowns with similar case rates to what European countries had when they ended theirs) was in part because the southern hemisphere summer meant the virus transmitted more slowly in the weeks prior to lockdown.

Another point: hasn't the dire situation that has confronted us for the last year resulted in an awful lot of wishful thinking? Various examples of this would be below:

* That Covid is a hoax
* That the IFR is only of the order of 0.1%
* That you only need to infect about 20% of the population to get herd immunity
* That we can get our lives back to normal with neither herd immunity nor eradication
* That eradication is realistic without imposing airtight border quarantine of a kind unfeasible for American or European democracies
* That test-and-trace can keep case rates under control indefinitely without lockdowns
* That lockdowns do not inflict severe collateral damage on the economy and on society, especially if maintained for a year or longer
* That people will be willing to comply with lockdowns for a year or longer without a police state being set up to enforce them

Boffy said...

George,

You could only evaluate if you knew the end result. Had you evaluated in the Summer, for example, you would have missed he sharp rise in deaths and hospitalisations arising from the second wave, let alone from any third or subsequent waves. Its better to proceed on the basis of logic rather than empiricism. On the basis of logic, its also better to look at second derivative figures, i.e. rates of change, rather than total numbers. Even allowing for the recent increase in numbers for Sweden, its current performance is much better than countries that engaged in lockdown or test and trace, and who are now suffering from increases in infections and deaths, which will inevitably continue to occur until herd immunity is achieved by either natural infection or vaccination. The long it takes to get to herd immunity, the greater the chance of some mutation that the current vaccines are ineffective against, which is why creating herd immunity by natural infection was always the much more logical approach.

For the same reasons, if you are concerned with absolute numbers, then either you have to maintain lockdowns indefinitely, keep borders closed indefinitely and so on, in which case you will wreck your economy in short order, and so suffer far more death and destruction from other causes, or you have to just hope that vaccines can be rolled out quickly enough to produce immunity. There seems little hope of that, and strategies based on hope are no strategy at all. Britain is performing better than other countries in rolling out vaccines, but ever were the government to reach its target of 2m per week, it would take a year to vaccinate 50 million. On the present rate it will take more than 8 years!

Boffy said...

George,

I don't think those that proposed the hoax theory engage din wishful thinking. Its part of their fake news narrative.

The IFR is lower than 0.1%, globally. In Britain, we have now, probably around 15 million people who have been infected. Total deaths are recorded as 75,000, but this figure is an overestimate because its people who died WITH Covid rather than from COVID. But, even on the basis of 75,000 deaths it gives a rate of 0.5%. This figure is inflated, because of the high proportion of old people in hospitals and care homes that were infected and died, as against lockdowns limiting the spread of infections to the general population. Even the Imperial data showed the IFR rate for those in the population aged less than 60 being way below 0.1%.

I don't know of anybody claiming you only needed 20% for herd immunity, most figures suggest around 60%.

Lives are not going to get back to normal on the basis of eradication, because eradication will not happen. Herd immunity will reduce it to levels that can be coped with, with the use of annual vaccinations of the vulnerable, as with Flu. Most peoples lives could have been normal throughout, had the strategy of lockdowns not been used. In that case, herd immunity would have arisen much sooner, and so the lives of the vulnerable who needed to shield would have returned to normal much sooner.

Eradication is not feasible under any conditions.

Neither test and trace nor lockdowns can keep infections under control indefinitely.

Lockdowns do impose unsustainable collateral damage, as seen with kids lives being destroyed by school closures. But, some that propose them do so in the hope of such collateral damage, because they are catastrophists.

Every psychological study shows that lockdowns are not sustainable for long periods with or without a police state.

George Carty said...

Eradication was feasible (indeed achieved) in countries that closed their borders in time to avoid large-scale infection: either because they acted very fast (Taiwan and Vietnam, both of which learned via espionage how contagious Covid was when the WHO was still believing China's lies about no human-to-human transmission) or because they were remote and had seasonality on their side (Australia and New Zealand).

I'm getting more sceptical though about the claims that Asian countries did well against Covid because of their experiences with SARS and/or MERS: weren't both those diseases substantially less contagious than Covid, with probably a majority of their transmission occurring within hospitals?

I can't believe that experience with those diseases (even though they were of course coronaviruses) would have been adequate preparation for a threat like Covid-19: was it not just more likely that countries closer to China would act a lot faster to an epidemic originating there, because the danger was so much more obvious?

The fact that MERS didn't really hit the West at all, and SARS only really hit the Toronto metropolitan area, will certainly have lulled the West into a false sense of security. I wonder if the diametrically opposed outcomes (for the Western world) were down to the respective properties of the viruses themselves, or whether it was down to China and the West being far more economically interconnected in 2019 than in 2002? It was of course fashion houses in northern Italy (some of which had been taken over by Chinese, often Wuhanese) that ended up infecting the entire Western world.

I'm optimistic that Covid won't require annual vaccinations as flu does: the issue with flu is that the H and N proteins that our immune system uses to identify the flu virus can have multiple variants, which is where identifiers like "H1N1", "H5N1" and "H3N2" come from.

By contrast what makes Covid so dangerous is its spike protein that latches almost perfectly with our ACE2 receptors: any mutation that changes this spike protein enough to render the vaccine ineffective would also make it far more difficult for the virus to spread in the first place. This would make Covid vaccines more like measles vaccines: while measles is hellaciously infectious (while R0 is about 1.6 for flu and about 3.8 for Covid, for measles it's close to 15) and still kills tens of thousands a year in parts of the world which don't vaccinate, the vaccination provides lifelong immunity and is highly effective to the point that we no longer fear it as a threat.

Boffy said...

George,

You can't say that countries have eradicated it, just because they have no reported current cases. The continued existence of the virus globally - and if truth were known probably in those countries you mention (its just asymptomatic etc) means that without immunity, as soon as they relax controls, it spreads like wildfire again. South Korea demonstrates it.

I don't know if SARS and MERS were less infectious, but its probably more true that COVID has spread via hospitals, and other such institutions where the elderly and sick were locked down. I think mask wearing and social norms, as well as demographics are more significant. Apart from Japan, most have young populations concentrated in cities and urban areas. There is probably less reliance on institutionalised social care for the elderly, so they are not congregated as easy targets for the virus as in the West. The same is true in Africa where the mortality rate is low from COVID and where there is already more death and destruction from the economic effects of global lockdowns than from the virus.

Annual vaccinations will almost certainly be required for the vulnerable, because the virus will never be eliminated, as with all the other coronaviruses. What will change is that the 80% of the population not affected by it, will have their immune response boosted each time they come in contact with it, as happens now with existing cold viruses. But, the vulnerable 20% may well see their immunity decline after several months, and their vulnerability means that rather than contact with the virus boosting their immune response, it may overwhelm it. So, irrespective of new strains, annual vaccination is likely required - indeed that happens now with flu vaccines, some of which boost the vaccines given in previous years.