Greens Rampant, Labour Repugnant

The attempts of the establishment an its media to foster the illusion that Labour was still in with a chance of winning the Gorton & Denton by-election inevitably failed. It was always a two-horse race between Greens and Reform, and increasingly, as I have set out before, that will be the case in coming elections, too. In Scotland and Wales, that will take the form of a two-horse race between SNP and Reform, and Plaid and Reform, respectively. The only question in this by-election was whether Greens or Reform would win, and by how much? In turn, as Reform has, now, peaked that turned on just by how much Labour's vote collapsed.

In the end, it wasn't even close. The Green's secured 40% of the vote, the kind of figure that, in a two-party system, is required to win elections. They won by 4,000 votes, thereby, also cutting off any rational basis for the inevitable attempts to claim that they only won, because of some ballot rigging and shenanigans, or that it was all due to the Greens mobilising some sectarian Muslim vote. Reform, of course, has still tried to do that, digging up some “independent” group that no one had heard of called “Democracy Volunteers”, who, after the vote had ended, claimed they had witnessed instances of “family voting”.

As the professional election officials in Manchester noted, if the “Democracy Volunteers” had witnessed such activity, which is a criminal offence, why did they not draw it to the attention of the responsible officials as it was occurring, including, thereby, the police? Anyone who has worked on polling duty, or who has been a candidate in an election, knows that its highly unlikely, because the officials have to hand ballot papers individually to voters, and are able from their seats to monitor the voting booths, to be able to see if anyone else other than the voter enters them. There will, no doubt, be some further investigation of the claims, but it also invites an investigation into just who the “volunteers” were, who made these belated claims.

The size of the Greens win, however, means that not even Reform have been able to claim that, were they valid, they would change the result. That Reform has still pressed them simply shows them up as bad losers, and more concerned to simply whip up Islamophobic hysteria. They have not been alone, however. Labour, also, as it must have known it was going to lose, looked for excuses and scapegoats. They attacked the Greens for putting out literature in Urdu! In the past, not only has Labour put out its literature in the language of the communities whose votes it was seeking, but so do local councils, and other organisations. If you are serious about wanting to be inclusive, then, why would you not seek to communicate with those communities in their own language, in order to include and integrate them? But, of course, the media, also, fell in with the meme of suggesting that there was something unusual and sinister in such actions.

Labour also showed that its desperation has reached new levels, leading to its politics and methods sinking even further into the sewers. As it saw its strategy and its vote collapse to the Greens, it put out a leaflet from a made up organisation, to claim that the latest polls suggested that only a vote for Labour could beat Reform. Together with sending a van around the streets with a picture of Polanski and Spencer, claiming that they wanted to turn over families daughters to prostitution, they also, put out leaflets claiming that they wanted to lead them into drug addiction by legalising all drugs. That's the same argument used by the old reactionaries to claim that arguing for legalising abortion amounts to encouraging it, or encouraging girls to have sex, and, before that, it was used to argue against sex education, and contraception.

Labour also attacked the Greens for putting out leaflets of Starmer with Modi and Netanyahu. But, if Starmer and his government are proud of their relationships with these vile reactionary nationalist regimes, why would they object to anyone publicising them. Those behind Blue Labour, of course, seemed to have no problem with using similar images of Jeremy Corbyn, standing alongside representatives of Hamas, Hezbollah and so on. Labour, also, seems to have forgotten that it put out election leaflets showing Boris Johnson standing alongside Modi, with an explicit message attached to it.

Labour has sunk to new depths, and to try to cling on, it simply lies each time it opens its mouth. 

As I wrote recently, all this shows is that class remains the basis of political interests and ideas. The petty-bourgeoisie, formerly, provided the core support for the Conservatives, but the Conservative Party, in government, never represented their interests, other than in the sense that the petty-bourgeois, always looked up towards the bourgeoisie, and hoped to join them in due course. The organised working-class always formed the core support for Labour, but it never represented their interests in government, other than in mollifying the worst aspects of their exploitation and oppression, and a continual promise of “jam tomorrow”, based on the idea that the interests of workers was, also, for a successful expansion of capital.

That relationship has not changed, it has simply changed the labels on the parties. The petty-bourgeoisie, hugely increased in numbers, but also driven, since the 1980's, into increased levels of poverty and precarity, lost hope in its interests being pursued by the Conservatives, and so it split away to be transformed into Reform. Blue Labour sought to chase after a mirage. It confused poverty with class seeing the least affluent, most precarious sections of society, the petty-bourgeois, with working-class, which they never were or will be, any more than, in the past, the peasantry were part of the working-class. Their ideas, their interests are and always will be, self-centred, individualistic, and determined by their relation to the means of production, the fact that they own them, but that, given their dwarfish nature, they are always led to the most crude means of being competitive. They are, inimical to the interests of the working-class.

Yet, Blue Labour made the quest for the votes of these reactionary, petty-bourgeois, and their associated layers within the ranks of the lumpen, and backward sections of unorganised workers, the centre of its strategy, if it even merits such a designation. The idea that the vote for Brexit could be equated, in the so called “Red Wall” seats, with the vote of working-class, Labour voters, was always a fallacy. In those seats, the working-class, Labour voters, much as elsewhere, voted overwhelmingly to Remain – around 60-70%. Those areas voted Leave, not because of support from a majority of working-class, Labour voters, but because of a solid vote from that petty-bourgeoisie, including many who usually do not bother to even vote.

By chasing an illusion, and, so, when Farage says “jump”, Starmer has simply asked “how high?”, Labour failed, inevitably, to win the votes of that reactionary petty-bourgeois mass that has never been the base of the Labour vote, and which simply transferred from Tory to Reform, but, also, turned away in their droves, the actual working-class base of Labour support. By even abandoning the mild social-democratic agenda of Labour of the previous 80 years, Starmer's Labour cut off any chance of securing that actual working-class base, seen in the fact that, whilst Corbyn brought much of that support back, in 2017, Blue Labour has dissipated it all.

The only thing that saved Starmer in 2024 was the fact that the rebranding of Toryism into Reform was not complete, so that the petty-bourgeois, Tory/Reform vote was split, allowing Labour to win, with an historically low number of votes, and low share of the votes. That process is now playing out with Labour too. Gorton and Denton shows that the old inertia, together with the efforts of the media to portray Labour as still having hope of winning, enabled it to retain support. But, that illusion has been shattered. It went from winning the seat with more than 50% of the vote (in the past it had 60% of the vote) in 2024, to third place, and its vote share being halved. The fate of the Tories simply shows it the future. The Tories lost their deposit.

In election after election, now, the argument that only Labour can defeat Reform cannot credibly be made. On the contrary, the argument, now, becomes, only the Greens (also read, SNP, Plaid) can defeat Reform, and a vote for Labour is a wasted vote. Reform, much as with Trump in the US, has peaked, as the support for such petty-bourgeois parties always does. But, that does not benefit Labour which has simply attempted to present itself as its pale shadow. It means that, in the period ahead, in elections at least, it will be the Greens that play the role that, in the past, was played by Labour.

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Anti-Duhring, Part II, Political Economy, X – From The Critical History - Part 24

So, we have £10,000 (1,000 tons) of seed (c) and £10,000 (1,000 tons) of corn as wages. But, the output is £30,000 (3,000 tons) of corn – the advantage for illustration, here, is that the corn and the seed are the same thing – giving a surplus-value of £10,000, represented by 1,000 tons of corn/seed. As described above, in relation to the surplus product of 1,000 tons, it is partly attributable to Nature, and partly to labour. Think of Nature existing prior to the existence of Man, and so of labour. The universe evolved in accordance with a set of natural laws. It is not that additional matter and energy was created, but that existing matter and energy was transformed by these processes.

If we take the Earth, then, these same processes result in the development of organic matter, and from which organic life arises. Take, in this early Earth, a field containing grass. The grass produces grass seed, and the seed is spread across the land, so that, even millennia before the existence of Man or labour, what began, as say, 1 ton of grass seed, quickly becomes 10 tons of grass seed. It arises, not magically out of thin air, as the Physiocrats portrayed it, but as a result of the chemical transformation of matter and energy in one form to another. The surplus product – the multiplication of 1 ton of seed into 10 tons – is not really a surplus product at all, but a localised transformation of chaos and disorder into order. A process of self-organisation.

Long before settled agriculture, this natural transformation of chaos and disorder into order and structure created all of those free gifts of Nature. Because they were the free gifts of Nature, and often provide the greatest use-value, they simultaneously, had no value. The air we breathe has the greatest use-value, because, without it, we could not exist. But, it has no value. Nature provides it gratis. The same with water.

What Labour does is to facilitate the localised transformation of disorder into order. What appears as a surplus product is really just an increase in the quantity of use-values, the things that we determine as useful, but is really just, at the same time, a consumption of other use-values, which are less useful to us in their disordered, natural state.

As Marx sets out, in Capital I, the free gifts of Nature have no value other than use-value. Value is only created by labour, or, more correctly, value is labour. Similarly, surplus-value is, then, surplus labour. Surplus labour itself can be seen as part of this process of turning disorder into order. If there was no surplus labour performed, for one thing, populations could not grow, and, given that it is the existence of humans (and possibly other intelligent life-forms, elsewhere) that is the most effective means of transforming disorganised matter and energy into organised structures, it is that expansion of population that represents the most effective means of such transformation, even though humans have existed for only a blink of an eye, compared to the age of the Universe.

I wrote about this some time ago, in response to one of Brian Cox's TV programs, and I was interested to see, later, that he has changed his own opinion on the matter, wondering what the existence of intelligent life existing for billions of years could achieve in manipulating matter and energy on a cosmic scale.

Secondly, it is only the existence of surplus labour that enables a part of current production to be set aside so as to expand production in the next and subsequent years. That may be just additional seed that can be planted, or it may be the production of tools and so on that enable production itself to be more efficient so that a greater quantity of disorganised matter and energy can be transformed into new organised structures.

Back To Part 23

Anti-Duhring, Part II, Political Economy, X – From The Critical History - Part 23

In this can be seen Marx's analysis and explanation of the tie-up and release of capital, in response to the error of Ramsay, and the illusion created of an increase or fall in profit, which was nothing but, on the one hand, a capital gain/loss, or on the other, a release/tie-up of capital. Ramsay, and the TSSI makes the same error, saw a rise in corn prices, during the year, which results in a capital gain for the given farmer, as being a “profit”, arising simply from the constant capital, i.e. the the seed corn, whose price rose relative to its “historic cost”. The farmer bought seed corn at the “historic cost” of of £10 a ton, and sells it at £12 a ton, a “profit” of £2 a ton that mysteriously appears from nowhere.

But, as Marx points out, the illusion of this “profit” from nowhere depends on us viewing matters in the purely isolated terms that Ramsay and the TSSI do. If, like Ramsay and the TSSI, we take the individual farmer and just this one year, then, yes, if they stopped production at the end of the year, they would have, say, 1,000 tons of corn, with a value of £12,000, for which they had only paid £10,000, leaving them with a £2,000 “profit”. But, Marx points out that this static picture, a snapshot in time, is not the end of the matter, in reality.

If the farmer did not discontinue production, and mostly farmers do not cease production after one year, then, rather than having to advance £10,000 for seed corn, they have to advance £12,000. The apparent £2,000 of profit has immediately disappeared, and is not available to them either to increase their personal consumption or to accumulate capital. Indeed, in terms of the rate of profit, and so the ability to accumulate capital, it would have been diminished.

Suppose the farmer starts with the seed corn amounting to 1,000 tons, with an historic price of of £10 per ton, i.e. £10,000. The above illustration simply assumed that, at the end of the year, this same 1,000 tons has a monetary value of £12,000, producing a “profit” of £2,000. This is the same logic that fuels speculative asset price bubbles, in which a simple rise in asset prices – shares, bonds, houses – is seen as magically producing a “profit” that can be taken by the owner of the asset. Wealth from thin air. It has been the basis of the economic model of conservative social-democracy (neoliberalism) from the 1980's until the global financial crash of 2008, and which it is still desperately trying to sustain. The importance of Marx's analysis, and of the labour theory of value is to show why this is a dangerous delusion. It is a delusion at the heart of the TSSI, and also within MMT, though in different forms.

The situation facing the farmer was not only that they laid out £10,000 for seed corn (1,000 tons) but, also, that they laid out, let us say, £10,000 for wages. Here we come back to the error of the Physiocrats. The Physiocrats saw 1,000 tons of seed corn, and 1,000 tons of corn as wages/labour, resulting in an output of 3,000 tons of corn, a surplus of 1,000 tons. They attributed the surplus to the land, but, as Smith and the Classical Economists showed, this surplus product was not, in fact, some mysterious product of the land but of labour.

In fact, although Smith et al set this out, they did not fully draw out the reality of what they had discovered. In Capital I, Marx explains it, by reference to a group of primitive people who were able to meet their requirements by labouring for only a small number of hours per week. They could reproduce their labour-power by just this expenditure of labour.

“But consider, for example, an inhabitant of the eastern islands of the Asiatic Archipelago, where sago grows wild in the forests.

'When the inhabitants have convinced themselves, by boring a hole in the tree, that the pith is ripe, the trunk is cut down and divided into several pieces, the pith is extracted, mixed with water and filtered: it is then quite fit for use as sago. One tree commonly yields 300 lbs., and occasionally 500 to 600 lbs. There, then, people go into the forests, and cut bread for themselves, just as with us they cut fire-wood.'” [F. Schouw: “Die Erde, die Pflanze und der Mensch,” 2. Ed. Leipz. 1854, p. 148. ]

(Capital I, Chapter 16)

But, that did not limit the amount of labour they could undertake, the amount of new value they could, thereby, create. This new value, also, thereby, takes the form of a surplus product, in excess of what is required to reproduce their labour-power. It is not the land or some magical property of it that creates the surplus product, but the surplus labour undertaken.  An error of the TSSI is, also, that they confuse this new value produced by labour, which is always positive, with surplus value, which is usually positive, but is so only because the new value created is greater than the value of labour-power.

Similarly, as Marx points out, if the agricultural labourer/farmer only undertook sufficient labour as to produce the 2,000 tons of corn required to reproduce the seed corn consumed, and their own labour-power, their would be no surplus product/value. There would be no possibility of rent, profit, interest or taxes, either in the form of use-values or their money equivalent. The surplus product of 1,000 tons is not the consequence of some mystical property of the land, but of the fact that surplus labour has been undertaken. In order to ensure that this surplus labour is undertaken, the labourer must be denied access to the means of production, unless they do so, by the owner of those means of production. The amount of labour performed in excess of the necessary labour, surplus labour, is the real basis of the surplus-value.

It is not the only basis of the surplus product. As Marx describes in Capital and elsewhere, the basis of the surplus product is both Labour and Nature. Nature provides use-values as free gifts, labour utilises them and transforms them into products that have value. The more bountiful Nature is, in the provision of these free gifts, the more productive is labour, i.e. the more products/use-values it is able to create in a given amount of time. In other words, the lower the unit value of each product. Again, here, we see the constant presence and influence of The Law of Value, as a Natural Law.

Back To Part 22

Forward To Part 24

Could Labour Drop To Fourth in Gorton & Denton By-Election?

The establishment seem to be apoplectic at the thought that the Greens look set to win the by-election in Gorton and Denton, tomorrow.  On the one hand, we have the far-right wing of the establishment such as The Daily Mail, which has followed Trump down the rabbit hole of absurdity, and is now claiming ridiculously, on its front page that the Greens are going to offer illegal migrants a free house.  The claims of the Mail, are an hysterical extension of its long-standing racist lies about preferential treatment for immigrants, going back decades, as it now fears that, not only are the Greens going to beat Labour,, but are set to, also, beat Reform

On the other hand, we have the centrist elements of the establishment, similarly concerned that the Greens might beat Labour from its Left, and might, also beat Reform.  The centrists have no desire for a Reform victory, but they certainly would prefer it over a win for the Greens.  For the last 6 years, Starmer has tagged along behind first the Tories, and, then, their reincarnation as Reform, in a continual ratchet to the reactionary, nationalist Right.  The narrative was created that Reform could only be defeated by Labour, despite the fact that voters were presented with just different shades of reactionary, petty-bourgeois nationalism and the prospect of increasing attacks on workers' living standards and rights, following Brexit, and attempts to distract them by the usual appeals to rally around the flag on the basis of ridiculous claims about imminent invasion.

A win for the Greens shatters that narrative, and what scares the establishment is that its quite clear that with the Conservatives now destroyed, Labour is headed to the same fate.  The race in Gorton and Denton, formerly a rock solid Labour seat, is solely between Reform and The Greens.  The question is only which of these two parties come out on top, and how badly Labour does, further down the ballot.  Labour further destroyed its chances by blocking Burnhan from standing, in the interests, purely of Starmer's Blue Labour faction, which has wrecked the party, and, is now, reaping the consequences, as it loses its grip.  The same factionalism and cronyism has led to the current scandals around Epstein and Mandelson, which look set to gradually draw in all of those that were a part of that Mandelson cabal.

What the establishment and pundits have failed to recognise is that class based politics, continues to dominate, and to determine voting.  The reactionary petty-bourgeoisie, which, as a class was the bedrock of the Tories/Conservatives has simply shifted to Reform, which is nothing more than a rebranding of the Tories.  The aspiring, professional middle-class fraction of Conservative support, which was the support base of the social-democratic wing of the party, typified by the likes of Heath, Heseltine and Clarke (the Wets) and, consequently, of the interests of large-scale capital, and the EU, has moved to its rational home in the Liberals.  As Blue Labour has abandoned even that kind of conservative, social-democracy, it is unable to attract either those sections of the middle-class, in the way Blair did, or to attract the working-class, on the back of a pursuit of progressive social-democracy, as it did under Attlee, Wilson/Callaghan, or Corbyn.  That working-class/middle-class vote has now gone to the Greens.

According to numerous reports, local Labour activists in Gorton and Denton have already acknowledge that reality, and given up.  Why on Earth, would any rational Labour activist waste their time trudging the streets to advocate a vote for someone and something that the vast majority of them, also, do not support.  Its not like in the past, when activists might do that to support a given candidate, using the contact with voters to, set out their own disagreements with the leadership, and encourage the to join the party, and assist in a struggle to transform it, as for example, we did with the Socialist Campaign for A Labour Victory, in 1979.  Today, Starmer's Bonapartist Blue Labour regime has prevented any such struggle within the party, as seen with the mass expulsions, the imposition from above of candidates, and the blocking of Burnham.  No amount of high profile flying visits to the seat will change that reality, as they try to shore up an illusion.

The progressive working-class vote in the constituency has already moved to the Greens, and all those former Labour voters, can, now, see that to beat Reform the Greens offer the only hope.  They look set to fulfil that hope, which is why the establishment in both its far-right and centrist factions have united to try to stop the Greens.  Labour, has tried to attack the Greens from the opposite direction, with its own sets of lies.  Rather than joining in with the racist lies of the Daily Mail, about Greens giving free houses to illegal migrants and so on, Labour instead have focussed on The Greens opposition to the genocide being committed by the Zionist regime against Palestinians.  Its not that Blue Labour has not mimicked the racist policies of Reform, the Tories and the Mail, but that they know that, in this seat, echoing those particular lies would be likely to lose it even more votes.

And, despite the fact that Polansky is himself Jewish, Blue Labour think that with their ridiculous attacks on his opposition to the genocide, a genocide that Starmer and Blue Labour has denied exists, and which they have armed and supported, they will turn some of those voters against the Greens in that constituency.  No doubt they have blindly looked back to the former Labour MP for Manchester, Gerald Kaufman, but, had they looked more closely, they would have seen that Kaufman was, also, a critic of the kind of politics that the Zionist regime has been undertaking.

Blue Labour has destroyed the Labour Party, much as the same petty-bourgeois nationalists have destroyed the Conservative Party.  In the latter case they have emerged like the monster on Alien, out of the stomach of the Conservatives, now, as Reform, that reality shown by the number of Tory MP's like Jenrick, Jenkyns and so on that now, litter its ranks.  At some point, the same is likely to be true with Blue Labour, as, having destroyed Labour, those elements also, join Reform.  A look at the journey travelled by many of those associated with the likes of Glassman, in the ranks of Spiked Online, shows how easily that is done.

So, the banner of social-democracy has now fallen, by default, into the hands of the Greens, or, in Scotland and Wales, the SNP and Plaid.  To beat Reform, the working-class, and progressive, professional middle-class, now, rationally, have only those parties as a means of doing, so in elections.  In places, the Liberals may, also, offer a similar alternative.  The tragedy, once again, is that socialists have not risen to the task of filling that void.  The labour vote in Gorton has collapsed, and the beneficiaries are the Greens.  To defeat Reform, it will need to collapse completely.  Given the reactionary, anti-working-class nature of Blue Labour, that should not be hard to envisage, and the question now is, will Labour even be able to muster enough votes to beat the Liberals into third place. 

Boris Blows The Gaff

Britain and other states in the NATO imperialist alliance have been ramping up the war rhetoric in recent months, as they prepare to move from the phase of phoney war to hot war, as the drive to World War III accelerates.  They claim that its necessary to massively increase military spending, and, thereby, divert spending away from real capital investment, to improve living standards, because of some supposed imminent military threat to western Europe from Russia.  This is the same Russia, of course, that has been bogged down, just in Eastern Ukraine for the last four years.  There is no indication that Russia poses any immediate, or, for that matter, longer term military threat to western Europe.  It may pose threats in other ways, such as via cyber attacks, and interference in political processes, but that is a different matter, and its hard to see how spending more on weapons deals with that.  What would you do, blow up your own computer systems?

The real military threats to western Europe, in fact, have not come from Russia - or China - but from the US.  Its the US that has threatened to invade Greenland - or was it Iceland as Trump doesn't seem to know the difference.  Its the US that has been bombing one country after another, as well as one of its envoys Mike Huckabee literally threatening biblical hellfire, to justify a Zionist takeover of land "from the river to the sea", as being justified by God in the Bible.  Similarly, Boris Johnson, fresh from having wrecked the British economy with help from his mate Farage, via Brexit, has now blown the gaff on what is going on by blurting out that he wants British troops, now, on the ground, openly in Ukraine, i.e. not Russia knocking at the door of Britain and Western Europe, but vice versa.

Nothing much changes.  In the last couple of hundred years, it has never been Russia, let alone China that has been threatening to invade Britain, France or the rest of western Europe.  It has always been the other way around.  It was Britain and France attacking Russia during the Crimean War, thousands of miles from both Britain and France.  It was France, during the Napoleonic Wars that invaded Russia, not vice versa.  It was Germany that invaded Russia during World War I, and, although Russia fought on the side of the Allies in both world wars, after World War I, it was Britain, France, the US, and a succession of other imperialist powers that invaded Russia in an attempt to overthrow the workers' revolution.

So, when, the USSR fell, and NATO, despite its assurances given to Gorbachev, to get his agreement to German unification, rapidly expanded Eastwards, marching its battalions ever closer to Moscow, the Russian people saw history repeating once again.  Not surprisingly, their reactionary leaders took advantage of that, to enhance their own positions.  Yeltsin the puppet of US imperialism, who presided over the looting of state assets, and immiseration of the population, was replaced by Putin.  So, similarly, when NATO sought to expand further East, first in Georgia, where even western observers noted that Saakashvili engaged in an attempted ethnic cleansing of Russians in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and, later in Georgia, its no wonder that the Russian leaders saw the opportunity to mobilise the population behind them.

In Georgia, the Russian troops quickly dispatched the invading Georgian forces, and raced towards the Georgian capital Tbilisi.  Yet, contrary to the narrative being created, today, in respect of Ukraine, having rolled their tanks into Tbilisi, the Russian did not overthrow the government, or occupy Georgia.  Having neutered the Georgian military threat, they withdrew, securing the ethnic Russian populations in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.  It was no doubt, not a sign of the peaceful, moral nature of Putin's regime, but simply a recognition of the fact that there was nothing to be gained by Russia tying up its forces in Georgia.  Russia will not be conquered in any new imperialist war.  Its stock of nuclear weapons ensures that will not happen.  But, it is a long way from that to the idea that Russia has the military, industrial or economic power to project itself across the globe, or even into western Europe.  Its slow progress in Eastern Ukraine shows that.

Similarly, when NATO pushed forward again into Ukraine, despite the fact that support for NATO membership never rose above 40%, in Ukraine, and the West backed the coup against the pro-Russian government in 2014, it was inevitable that the ethnic Russians in Ukraine, particularly in Eastern Ukraine, which had always voted for closer ties with Russia, would see it as hostile, and that Russia would, again, be led to intervene.  US imperialism/NATO has used this tactic numerous times.  It used its links with Bin Laden to finance and arm the criminal of the KLA to stir up ethnic violence in Kosovo, to provoke intervention by Serbia, for example, which then gave it a pretext to attack Serbia, and split Kosovo away. 

Even then, Russia seeking to avoid a prolonged military commitment, agreed to the Minsk Accords, designed to afford a large degree of self government to the ethnic Russian regions of Eastern Ukraine.  But, Merkel, herself, admitted that the Minsk Accords were always intended to be a farce, designed only to give the Ukrainian state time to build up its forces.  So, in the meantime, the reactionary nationalist regime in Kyiv, not only stepped up its attacks on ethnic Russians, in terms of cultural attacks on the Russian language etc., but never gave any degree of self-government, and used the forces of the Azov Battalion to launch military attacks, shelling and so on of ethnic Russians in Eastern Ukraine.  It gave Putin's reactionary regime no real choice in having to respond.

It is not Russian military forces sitting on the border of the UK or other western European states, ready to invade, it is, as it always has been British, French and other Western European military forces sitting on the border of Russia, and moving forward, wherever they can in what has always been an aggressive expansionist manner, as they seek to get their hands on Russian land and resources.  So, when Boris Johnson basically bemoans the lack of progress of Ukraine in acting as its proxy to that end, despite the vast amounts of weapons and money given to it, he only blows the gaff on the western imperialist strategy all along, as he calls for young British workers to go and, once again lay down their lives for the benefit of the rich and powerful, for the same King and Country that has given you the likes of Prince Andrew, Lord Mandelson and all of the other leeches and perverts.

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