Theories of Surplus Value, Part I Index

Chapter numbers, or parts provide a hyper link to the relevant blog post.  Chapter Titles provide a hyperlink to the Chapter, or section in Capital itself at Marxists.org.

Theories of Surplus Value, Part I

Preface

Chapter 1 - Sir James Steuart [Distinction Between “Profit Upon Alienation” and the Positive Increase of Wealth]

Chapter 2 - The Physiocrats

[1. Transfer of the Inquiry into the Origin of Surplus-Value from the Sphere of Circulation into the Sphere of Direct Production. Conception of Rent as the Sole Form of Surplus-Value]

Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

[2. Contradictions in the System of the Physiocrats: the Feudal Shell of the System and Its Bourgeois Essence; the Twofold Treatment of Surplus-Value]

Part 5, Part 6, Part 7

[3. Quesnay on the Three Classes in Society. Further Development of Physiocratic Theory with Turgot: Elements of a Deeper Analysis of Capitalist Relations]

Part 8, Part 9, Part 10, Part 11

[4. Confusion of Value with Material Substance (Paoletti)]

Part 12

[5. Elements of Physiocratic Theory in Adam Smith]

Part 13, Part 14

[6. The Physiocrats as Partisans of Large-Scale Capitalist Agriculture]

Part 15

[7. Contradictions in the Political Views of the Physiocrats. The Physiocrats and the French Revolution]

Part 16

[8. Vulgarisation of the Physiocratic Doctrine by the Prussian Reactionary Schmalz]

Part 17

[9. An Early Critique of the Superstition of the Physiocrats in the Question of Agriculture (Verri)]

Part 17

Chapter 3 - Adam Smith

[1. Smith’s Two Different Definitions of Value; the Determination of Value by the Quantity of Labour Expended Which Is Contained in a Commodity, and Its Determination by the Quantity of Living Labour Which Can Be Bought in Exchange for This Commodity]

Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6, Part 7, Part 8

[2. Contradictions in the System of the Physiocrats: the Feudal Shell of the System and Its Bourgeois Essence; the Twofold Treatment of Surplus-Value]

Part 9, Part 10, Part 11, Part 12, Part 13, Part 14, Part 15

[3. Adam Smith’s Extension of the Idea of Surplus-Value to All Spheres of Social Labour]

Part 16, Part 17

4. Smith’s Failure to Grasp the Specific Way in Which the Law of Value Operates in the Exchange between Capital and Wage-Labour

Part 18, Part 19, Part 20, Part 21

[5. Smith’s Identification of Surplus-Value with Profit. The Vulgar Element in Smith’s Theory]

Part 22, Part 23

[6. Smith’s Erroneous View of Profit, Rent of Land and Wages as Sources of Value]

Part 24, Part 25, Part 26

[7. Smith’s Dual View of the Relationship between Value and Revenue. The Vicious Circle of Smith’s Conception of “‘Natural Price” as the Sum of Wages, Profit and Rent]

Part 27, Part 28, Part 29

[8. Smith’s Error in Resolving the Total Value of the Social Product into Revenue. Contradictions in His Views on Gross and Net Revenue]

Part 30, Part 31, Part 32

[9. Say as Vulgariser of Smith’s Theory. Say’s Identification of the Social Gross Product with the Social Revenue. Attempts to Draw a Distinction between Them by Storch and Ramsay]

Part 33, Part 34, Part 35, Part 36

[10. Inquiry into How It Is Possible for the Annual Profit and Wages to Buy the Annual Commodities, Which Besides Profit and Wages Also Contain Constant Capital]

[(a) Impossibility of the Replacement of the Constant Capital of the Producers of Consumption Goods through Exchange between These Producers]

Part 37, Part 38, Part 39, Part 40

[(b) Impossibility of Replacing the Whole Constant Capital of society by Means of Exchange between the Producers of Articles of Consumption and the Producers of Means of Production]

Part 41, Part 42, Part 43, Part 44

[(c) Exchange of Capital for Capital between the Producers of Means of Production. Annual Product of Labour and the Product of Labour Newly Added Annually]

Part 45, Part 46, Part 47, Part 48, Part 49, Part 50, Part 51, Part 52, Part 53

[11. Additional Points: Smith’s Confusion on the Question of the Measure of Value. General Character of the Contradictions in Smith]

Part 54

Chapter 4 - Theories of Productive and Unproductive Labour

1. Productive Labour from the Standpoint of Capitalist Production: Labour Which Produces Surplus-Value

Part 1

2. Views of the Physiocrats and Mercantilists on Productive Labour

Part 2

3. The Duality in Smith’s Conception of Productive Labour. His First Explanation: the View of Productive Labour as Labour Exchanged for Capital

Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6

4. Adam Smith’s Second Explanation: the View of Productive Labour as Labour Which Is Realised in a Commodity

Part 7, Part 8, Part 9, Part 10, Part 11, Part 12, Part 13, Part 14, Part 15, Part 16

5. Vulgarisation of Bourgeois Political Economy in the Definition of Productive Labour

Part 17, Part 18

6. Advocates of Smith’s Views on Productive Labour. On the History of the Subject

(a) Advocates of the First View: Ricardo, Sismondi

Part 19

(b) Early Attempts to Distinguish between Productive and Unproductive Labour (D’Avenant, Petty)

Part 20, Part 21

(c) John Stuart Mill, an Adherent of Smith’s Second View of Productive Labour

Part 21,

[7.] Germain Garnier [Vulgarisation of the Theories Put Forward by Smith and the Physiocrats]

(a) Confusion of Labour which Is Exchanged Against Capital with Labour Exchanged against Revenue. The False Conception that the Total Capital Is Replaced through the Revenue of the Consumers

Part 22, Part 23

(b) Replacement of the Constant Capital by Means of the Exchange of capital against Capital

Part 24, Part 25, Part 26, Part 27, Part 28, Part 29, Part 30, Part 31, Part 32, Part 33, Part 34, Part 35

(c) Vulgar Assumptions of Garnier’s Polemics against smith, Garnier’s Relapse into Physiocratic Ideas. The View of the Unproductive Labourers’ Consumption as the source of Production—a step Backwards as Compared with the Physiocrats

Part 36, Part 37, Part 38, Part 39

[8.] Charles Ganilh [Mercantilist Conception of Exchange and Exchange-Value. Inclusion of All Paid Labour in the Concept of Productive Labour] 

Part 40, Part 41, Part 42, Part 43, Part 44, Part 45, Part 46, Part 47, Part 48, Part 49, Part 50, Part 51

[9. Ganilh and Ricardo on Net Revenue. Ganilh as Advocate of a Diminution of the Productive Population; Ricardo as Advocate of the Accumulation of Capital and the Growth of Productive Forces]

Part 52, Part 53, Part 54, Part 55, Part 56, Part 57, Part 58, Part 59, Part 60, Part 61, Part 62, Part 63, Part 64, Part 65, Part 66, Part 67, Part 68

[10.] Exchange of Revenue and Capital [Replacement of the Total Amount of the Annual Product: (a) Exchange of Revenue for Revenue; (b) Exchange of Revenue for Capital; (c) Exchange of Capital for Capital]

Part 69, Part 70, Part 71, Part 72, Part 73, Part 74, Part 75, Part 76, Part 77, Part 78, Part 79, Part 80, Part 81, Part 82, Part 83, Part 84, Part 85, Part 86, Part 87, Part 88, Part 89, Part 90, Part 91

[11.] Ferrier [Protectionist Character of Ferrier’s Polemics against Smith’s Theory of Productive Labour and the Accumulation of Capital, Smith’s Confusion on the Question of Accumulation, The Vulgar Element in Smith’s View of “Productive Labourers”] 

Part 92, Part 93, Part 94, Part 95, Part 96, Part 97, Part 98, Part 99, Part 100

[12.] Earl of Lauderdale [Apologetic Conception of the Ruling Classes as Representatives of the Most Important Kinds of Productive Labour]

Part 101

[13. Say’s Conception of “Immaterial Products”. Vindication of an Unrestrained Growth of Unproductive Labour]

Part 102, Part 103

[14.] Count Destutt de Tracy [Vulgar Conception of the Origin of Profit. Proclamation of the Industrial Capitalist” as the Sole Productive Labourer]

Part 104, Part 105, Part 106, Part 107, Part 108

[15. General Nature of the Polemics against Smith’s Distinction between Productive and Unproductive Labour. Apologetic Conception of Unproductive Consumption as a Necessary Spur to Production]

Part 109, Part 110, Part 111

[16.] Henri Storch [Unhistorical Approach to the Problem of the Interaction between Material and Spiritual Production. Conception of “Immaterial Labour” Performed by the Ruling Class]

Part 112

[17.] Nassau Senior [Proclamation of All Functions Useful to the Bourgeoisie as Productive. Toadyism to the Bourgeoisie and the Bourgeois State]

Part 113, Part 114, Part 115

[18.] Pellegrino Rossi [Disregard of the Social Form of Economic Phenomena. Vulgar Conception of “Labour-saving” by Unproductive Labourers]

Part 116, Part 117, Part 118, Part 119

[19. Apologia for the Prodigality of the Rich by the Malthusian Chalmers]

Part 120

[20. Concluding Observations on Adam Smith and His Views on Productive and Unproductive Labour]

Part 120, Part 121, Part 122, Part 123

Chapter 5 - Necker - [Attempt to Present the Antagonism of Classes in Capitalism as the Antithesis Between Poverty and Wealth]

Chapter 6 - Quesnay’s Tableau Économique (Digression)

[1. Quesnay’s Attempt to Show the Process of Reproduction and Circulation of the Total Capital]

Part 1

[2. Circulation between Farmers and Landowners. The Return Circuit of Money to the Farmers, Which Does Not Express Reproduction]

Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

[3. On the Circulation of Money between Capitalist and Labourer]

[(a) The Absurdity of Speaking of Wages as an Advance by the Capitalist to the Labourer. Bourgeois Conception of Profit as Reward for Risk]

Part 5, Part 6

[(b) Commodities Which the Labourer Buys from the Capitalist. A Return Flow of the Money Which Does Not Indicate Reproduction]

Part 7, Part 8, Part 9, Part 10, Part 11, Part 12

[4. Circulation between Farmer and Manufacturer According to the Tableau Économique]

Part 13, Part 14

[5. Circulation of Commodities and Circulation of Money in the Tableau Économique. Different Cases in Which the Money Flows Back to Its Starting-Point]

Part 15, Part 16, Part 17, Part 18, Part 19

[6. Significance of the Tableau Économique in the History of Political Economy]

Part 20

Chapter 7 - Linguet [Early Critique of the Bourgeois-Liberal View of the “Freedom” of the Labourer]

Part 1, Part 2

Addenda

[1. Hobbes on Labour, on Value and on the Economic Role of Science]

Part 1,

[2.] Historical: Petty

Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

[3.] Petty, Sir Dudley North, Locke

Part 5

[4.] Locke

Part 6

[5.] North [Money as Capital. The Growth of Trade as the Cause of the Fall in the Rate of Interest]

Part 7, Part 8

[6. Berkeley on Industry as the Source of Wealth]

Part 9

[7.] Hume and Massie

[(A) Massie and Hume on Interest]

Part 9

[(B) Hume. Fall of Profit and Interest Dependent on the Growth of Trade and Industry]

Part 10, Part 11

[(C) Massie. Interest as Part of Profit. The Level of Interest Explained by the Rate of Profit]

Part 12

[(D) Conclusion]

Part 12

[8. Addendum to the Chapters on the Physiocrats]

Part 13

[9. Glorification of the Landed Aristocracy by Buat, an Epigone of the Physiocrats] 

Part 14

[10. Polemics Against the Landed Aristocracy from the Standpoint of the Physiocrats (An Anonymous English Author)] 

Part 14

[11. Apologist Conception of the Productivity of All Professions]

Part 15

[12.] Productivity of Capital. Productive and Unproductive Labour

[(A) Productivity of Capital as the Capitalist Expression of the Productive Power of Social Labour]

Part 15, Part 16, Part 17, Part 18

[(B) Productive Labour in the System of Capitalist Production]

Part 19, Part 20

[(C) Two Essentially Different Phases in the Exchange Between Capital and Labour]

Part 21

[(D) The Specific Use-value of Productive Labour for Capital]

Part 22

[(E) Unproductive Labour. As Labour which Performs Services; Purchase of Services under Conditions of Capitalism. Vulgar Conception of the Relation Between Capital and Labour as an Exchange of Services]

Part 23, Part 24

[(F) The Labour of Handicraftsmen and Peasants in Capitalist Society]

Part 25, Part 26

[(G) Supplementary Definition of Productive Labour as Labour which is Realised in Material Wealth]

Part 27

[(I) The Problem of Productive Labour from the Standpoint of the Total Process of Material Production]

Part 28

[(J) The Transport Industry as a Branch of Material Production. Productive Labour in the Transport Industry]

Part 28

 Capital Volume III               Main Index                       Part II